زمن المضارع التام 8)
Present Perfect Tense
Have, has+p.p
مثال
1- I have finished my work.
2- he has received a letter.
نفي المضارع التام:
1- I have not finished my work.
2- He has not received a letter.
- يستخدم المضارع التام في التعبير عن شيء حدث وانتهى في الماضي ولكن له أثر في الحاضر.
- الكلمات الدالة عليه :-
Already --- بالفعل1-
----- Just توا / حالا 2-
يأتيان بعد has أو have مباشرا مثل
a- I have already got my salary.
b- He has just arrived.
3- yet---- بعد
تأتي في نهاية جملة منفية أو استفهامية ؟ مثل
a- He hasn't arrived yet.
b- Hasn't she cooked yet?
4- Now that الآن وقد --------
تستخدم في ربط جملتين الثانية لا تحدث إلا بحدوث الأولى وتكون بداية الجملة مثل
Now that I have finished my work, I can go home.
5- Since ---- منذ
الاستخدام الأول:
Present perfect ----- since ------ simple past
مثل
I have worked in Jeddah since I came from Egypt.
أو
Since I came from Egypt, I have worked in Jeddah.
الاستخدام الثاني:
Present perfect ----- since ------ the noun of a verb
مثل
He has lived with us since his arrival.
أو
Since his arrival, He has lived with us
الاستخدام الثالث:
Present perfect ---- since ----- a time point
مثل
I have worked here since 1990.
6- for --- لمدة
لا تأتي إلا في المنتصف
Present perfect ---- for ---- a time period
مثل
I have worked have for 10 years.
- امثلة
1- I ( have slept – slept – sleep ) for 3 hours.
2- He has stayed with us ( for – since – ago ) 3 o'clock.
4- He ( read ) news papers for 3 hours.
He has read news papers for 3 hours.
:shock: 8) 8) 8) 8) 8) 8) 8) 8) 8) 8)
